Air Receiver Tank Sizing and Safety Management – Air Compressor Manufacturers

Receiver tank does three things in the system: stabilizes pressure, removes water, stores energy.

Stabilizes Pressure

Compressor output has pulsation. Demand side has fluctuation. Receiver tank sits in the middle and absorbs these fluctuations. Network pressure stabilizes. System without a receiver tank, pressure gauge needle jumps all over, pneumatic components act erratically.

Removes Water

Compressed air enters the tank, flow velocity drops, temperature drops with it. Water vapor condenses into liquid, settles to the tank bottom. Drained from the drain valve. Note that receiver tank water removal capacity is limited. Applications needing low moisture content still need a dryer.

Stores Energy

Applications with peak demand. Instantaneous flow exceeds the compressor's supply capacity. Receiver tank releases air to cover the gap. Peak passes, compressor refills the tank.

Industrial receiver tank — Vertical receiver tank installation in a compressor room

Capacity Selection

Quick Estimate Method

Tank Capacity (L) = Compressor FAD (m³/min) × Coefficient × 1000

Coefficient depends on how stable the air demand is. Steady demand, take 0.1 to 0.15. Some fluctuation, 0.15 to 0.25. Big fluctuation, 0.25 to 0.4.

10 m³/min machine. Demand has fluctuation. Coefficient 0.2. Works out to 2000L.

Based on Pressure Fluctuation

V = Q × t × 60 / ΔP

Q is peak flow minus compressor output. t is peak duration. ΔP is how much pressure drop is allowed.

Compressor 10 m³/min. Peak needs 12 m³/min. Lasts half a minute. Allowable pressure fluctuation 0.5 bar:

V = (12-10) × 0.5 × 60 / 0.5 = 120L

Two methods giving very different results is normal. 120L vs. 2000L. Take the bigger one. Then match to available standard sizes. 500L or 1000L, either works. Oversizing is safer than undersizing.

Common Sizes

Volume (L)	Diameter (mm)	Height (mm)	Empty Weight (kg)	Working Pressure (bar)
300	600	1200	80	8-10
500	700	1400	120	8-10
1000	800	2000	200	8-10
2000	1000	2600	350	8-10
3000	1200	2800	500	8-10

Dimensions and weight vary by manufacturer. Go by the supplier's data. Tanks 1000L and up are not small. Check passageways and rigging conditions before delivery.

Safety Accessories

Safety valve, pressure gauge, drain valve, inlet and outlet ports. Must ship complete.

Pressure vessel safety equipment — Safety accessories are mandatory on all receiver tanks

Safety valve set pressure at 1.05 to 1.1 times working pressure. 8 bar working pressure tank, safety valve set to 8.4 to 8.8 bar. Set too low, it pops during normal operation. Set too high, it's as good as no protection.

Pressure gauge range, pick 1.5 to 3 times working pressure. Normal operation, needle sits in the middle of the dial.

Drain valve on the bottom. Manual valve is cheap but needs someone to open it. Automatic valve is convenient. Good for unmanned situations or systems with a lot of water.

Domestically, receiver tanks are classified into two categories: simple pressure vessels and non-simple pressure vessels. Simple pressure vessels must meet all of these: volume ≤ 1000L, working pressure ≤ 2.5 MPa, pressure times volume ≤ 2.5 MPa·m³, medium is air or nitrogen, design temperature -20°C to 200°C. Tanks meeting these conditions don't need registration with regulatory authorities. Don't need periodic inspection. Exempt from registration and inspection doesn't mean safety can be ignored. Safety accessories that should be there must be there. Must be in working order.

Over 1000L or any one condition not met, it's a non-simple pressure vessel. Must register. Must have periodic inspection. First inspection at 3 years. Then every 6 years. Need a safety management system. Need someone responsible for it.

• • •

Daily Management

Daily

Draining condensate is basic. How much water accumulates per day depends on humidity, air consumption, whether there's a dryer. Humid seasons or no dryer, water volume is impressive. Drain at least once a day. Look at what comes out. Normal is clear water. Rusty color or oily, investigate. Automatic drain valves can't be completely ignored either. Clogged and not draining. Broken and constantly leaking air. Both need periodic confirmation.

Weekly

Weekly walkthrough. Pressure gauge reading correct or not. Needle sticking or not. Safety valve leaking or not, any hissing. Tank surface, any new rust spots, bulging, seepage.

Annual

Annual thorough check. Lift the safety valve lever by hand. Confirm it pops and reseats normally. Compare pressure gauge against a reference gauge. Off by too much, replace it. If possible, open the access port and look inside.

Inspections done, keep records. Sudden increase in drain water volume is a signal. Safety valve and pressure gauge, inspected or not, calibrated or not, needs to be traceable. How problems were handled needs to be documented.

Industrial equipment inspection — Regular inspection and maintenance prevents costly failures

Common Problems

Heavy Water Accumulation at Bottom

Open the drain valve, water gushes out, with rust debris. Probably drain intervals too long. Water sits in the tank, bottom corrosion accelerates. Bad enough and it rusts through. Rust-through spots are usually at the bottom dead zones. Hard to find. Drain more often, or install an automatic drain valve. Tanks already with serious accumulation, find an opportunity to open up and see what the inside looks like.

Safety Valve Keeps Popping

System pressure swings big. Peak pressure hits the safety valve set point. Pops frequently. Could also be the safety valve set pressure is too close to the unload pressure. First check if system settings are reasonable. Need margin between unload pressure and safety valve set pressure. System is fine, have a qualified person adjust the safety valve set point up a bit.

Pressure Gauge Won't Return to Zero

After depressurizing, needle doesn't go back to zero or gets stuck. Movement is broken. Just replace it. Pressure gauges are consumables. Not worth repairing. When replacing, make sure the range and port size are right.

External Rust

Factory coating gets chipped from bumps. Environment is humid. Rust starts. Grind down to bare metal. Paint with rust-preventive coating. Outdoor tanks rust faster. Can build a shelter, build one. Can move it inside, move it inside.

Internal Corrosion

Open up for inspection, find extensive rust or deep pitting on the inner wall. Caused by condensate sitting long-term. Mild cases, clean it up, measure wall thickness. Still adequate, keep using. Bad rust, wall noticeably thinner, don't risk it. Replace with a new tank. After replacing, fix the drainage habits. Otherwise the new tank rusts the same way.